![]() ![]() ![]() This model is able to design parameters such as the layout, dimensions, and reinforcement of the precast slabs. Their model uses inputs such as the floor dimensions and live load to eventually provide structural design alternatives and arrange them. For example 17, developed a model for optimizing the cost of precast concrete slabs using evolutionary algorithms. When it comes to buildings, design optimization models are not abundant and there is a need for further research in this area. ![]() Other optimization models for design of bridges include those of 13, 14, 15, 16. Earlier 12, presented an optimization model for optimizing the design of prestressed concrete bridges. In another attempt 11, investigated the automation trends of bridge design and highlighted the importance of automation in structural design in general as an important area to tackle. El Mourabit 10 developed a software for automating and optimizing concrete beam bridges. For example 9, developed a data model for integrating risk assessment of building conditions into BIM where they automated the data transfer process and improve consistency and dependability for better visualization of conditions and causality analysis. As a result, there has been a growth in interest in automated workflows based on BIM to promote its usage and improve its potential efficiency 8. While a BIM-based workflow should enable overall information management throughout the lifecycle of a building, it is still significantly reliant on manual intervention 7. ![]() Enhanced identification and omissions of errors, early collaboration of several concurrent disciplines, and improved building quality and performance are key benefits that result from BIM-based workflows 6. BIM presents a growing technological and procedural shift in construction operations 5. BIM systems range from simple 2D models to nowadays 9D models where they can include integrative data such as dimensions, spaces, volumes, materials, time schedules, cost estimates, energy efficiency, facility management, safety aspect, and lean aspects 4. Relations and connections between the attributes of the structural elements are then developed to detect any alterations and discoordination in models 3. BIM systems are based on the parametric definition of objects, where they can differentiate between different elements of a structure (beams, columns, slabs, windows, doors, and walls) by analyzing their attributes such as usage, structures, and functions and studying their parametric characteristics. Working with a digital representation of a building's physical and functional features attempts to make design knowledge transferable between different software components and diverse teams 3. The concept of working with digital representations of a building, represented in Building Information Modelling (BIM), has been recognized as the cornerstone for information management throughout ICT advancements in the construction sector 2. The rise of information and communication technology (ICT) has elevated the capabilities of engineers to manage information and enable seamless handling of complexities in the design process 1. It is characterized as multi-disciplinary, multi-objective, and multi-parameter, where it necessitates the management of a wide range of data and parameters across disciplines over time. The design process for buildings can include several stages, such as conceptual design, schematic design, and detailed design. ![]()
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